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1 process lens
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > process lens
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2 process lens
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3 process lens
1) Техника: репродукционный объектив2) Полиграфия: фоторепродукционный объектив -
4 process lens
< print> ■ Reproobjektiv n -
5 process lens
Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > process lens
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6 process lens
• апохроматична леща -
7 lens
1) линза5) нефт. линзовидная залежь, линза || отлагаться в виде линзовидной залежи•-
accessory lens
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achromatic lens
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acoustic lens
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acoustic traveling-wave lens
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afocal lens
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anamorphotic lens
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anastigmatic lens
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anastigmat lens
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antenna lens
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antireflection lens
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aplanatic lens
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aplanat lens
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apochromatic lens
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apochromat lens
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aspheric lens
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astigmatic lens
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attachment lens
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auto-zoom lens
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auxiliary lens
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bayonet-mount lens
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biconcave lens
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biconvex lens
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bifocal lens
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blimped lens
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bloomed lens
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box-shaped lens
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camera lens
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catadioptric lens
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cine lens
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cine projection lens
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cinematographic taking lens
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circular Fresnel lens
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close-up lens
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coarse lens
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coated lens
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collecting lens
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collimating lens
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collimator lens
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color-corrected lens
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composite lens
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concave lens
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concave-convex lens
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condenser lens
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converging-meniscus lens
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convertible lens
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convex lens
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convexo-concave lens
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convex-concave lens
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convexo-convex lens
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corrected lens
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correcting lens
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coupling lens
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deanamorphic lens
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delay lens
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demagnification lens
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demag lens
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dielectric lens
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diffusion lens
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diopter lens
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distortion lens
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divergent lens
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divergent-meniscus lens
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diverging lens
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double-concave lens
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double-convex lens
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double-focus lens
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dual lens
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dwarf-signal lens
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echelon lens
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electromagnetic lens
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electronic lens
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electron lens
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electrostatic lens
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enlarging lens
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equiconcave lens
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equiconvex lens
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erector lens
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expander lens
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exposure lens
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eyepiece lens
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eye lens
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fast lens
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fiber lens
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field lens
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fisheye lens
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fixed-focus lens
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floating-component lens
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floating lens
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fly's-eye lens
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Fourier transform lens
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fresh-water lens
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Fresnel lens
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gas lens
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geodesic lens
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gradient-index lens
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gradient-index rod lens
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grating lens
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high-resolution lens
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high-speed lens
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holographic lens
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horn lens
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image stabilizing lens
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image-forming lens
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immersion lens
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interchangeable lens
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laminated lens
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large aperture ratio lens
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large aperture lens
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lattice lens
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lens of material
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lenticular lens
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light-signal lens
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linear Fresnel lens
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liquid lens
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long-focal-length lens
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Luneberg lens
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macro lens
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magnetic lens
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magnifying lens
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meniscus lens
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mirror lens
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motion-picture camera lens
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motion-picture projector lens
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negative lens
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normal-angle lens
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normal lens
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objective lens
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overlay lens
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pancratic lens
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panoramic lens
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path-length lens
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photochromic lens
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plano-concave lens
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plano-convex lens
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positive lens
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process lens
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projection lens
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reconstructing lens
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reduction lens
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reference lens
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relay lens
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replica corrector lens
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reproduction lens
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retrofocus lens
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rod lens
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roof lens
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rotationally symmetric lens
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short-focal-length lens
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silicone-glass Fresnel lens
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soft-focus lens
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spectacle lens
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spherical lens
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squeeze lens
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stabilized lens
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standard lens
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stepped lens
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stippled lens
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stopped-down lens
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studio/field zoom lens
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supplementary lens
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taking lens
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telenegative lens
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telephoto lens
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telescopic lenses
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thermal lens
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transforming lens
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two-dimensional lens
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two-stage linear Fresnel lens
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two-tube electrostatic lens
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variable magnification zoom lens
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variable-focal-length lens
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varifocal lens
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waveguide lens
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wide-angle lens
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zoned lens
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zoom lens -
8 lens
1) линза; лупа; объектив2) чечевицеобразный сгусток (напр. краски)Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > lens
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9 lens
1. линза; лупа; объектив2. чечевицеобразный сгустокcolor-corrected lens — объектив, исправленный на хроматическую аберрацию
condenser lens — конденсорная линза, конденсор
corrected lens — объектив, исправленный на аберрацию, корригированный объектив
magnifying lens — лупа, увеличительное стекло
pancratic lens — объектив с переменным фокусным расстоянием, панкратический объектив
projecting lens — проекционный объектив, объектив проекционного аппарата
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10 process camera
1. фоторепродукционная камера2. репродукционный фотоаппаратreflex camera — зеркальный фотоаппарат, зеркалка
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11 репродукционный объектив
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > репродукционный объектив
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12 репродукционный объектив
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > репродукционный объектив
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13 Sutton, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1819 Englandd. 1875 Jersey, Channel Islands[br]English photographer and writer on photography.[br]In 1841, while studying at Cambridge, Sutton became interested in photography and tried out the current processes, daguerreotype, calotype and cyanotype among them. He subsequently settled in Jersey, where he continued his photographic studies. In 1855 he opened a photographic printing works in Jersey, in partnership with L.-D. Blanquart- Evrard, exploiting the latter's process for producing developed positive prints. He started and edited one of the first photographic periodicals, Photographic Notes, in 1856; until its cessation in 1867, his journal presented a fresher view of the world of photography than that given by its London-based rivals. He also drew up the first dictionary of photography in 1858.In 1859 Sutton designed and patented a wideangle lens in which the space between two meniscus lenses, forming parts of a sphere and sealed in a metal rim, was filled with water; the lens so formed could cover an angle of up to 120 degrees at an aperture of f12. Sutton's design was inspired by observing the images produced by the water-filled sphere of a "snowstorm" souvenir brought home from Paris! Sutton commissioned the London camera-maker Frederick Cox to make the Panoramic camera, demonstrating the first model in January 1860; it took panoramic pictures on curved glass plates 152×381 mm in size. Cox later advertised other models in a total of four sizes. In January 1861 Sutton handed over manufacture to Andrew Ross's son Thomas Ross, who produced much-improved lenses and also cameras in three sizes. Sutton then developed the first single-lens reflex camera design, patenting it on 20 August 1961: a pivoted mirror, placed at 45 degrees inside the camera, reflected the image from the lens onto a ground glass-screen set in the top of the camera for framing and focusing. When ready, the mirror was swung up out of the way to allow light to reach the plate at the back of the camera. The design was manufactured for a few years by Thomas Ross and J.H. Dallmeyer.In 1861 James Clerk Maxwell asked Sutton to prepare a series of photographs for use in his lecture "On the theory of three primary colours", to be presented at the Royal Institution in London on 17 May 1861. Maxwell required three photographs to be taken through red, green and blue filters, which were to be printed as lantern slides and projected in superimposition through three projectors. If his theory was correct, a colour reproduction of the original subject would be produced. Sutton used liquid filters: ammoniacal copper sulphate for blue, copper chloride for the green and iron sulphocyanide for the red. A fourth exposure was made through lemon-yellow glass, but was not used in the final demonstration. A tartan ribbon in a bow was used as the subject; the wet-collodion process in current use required six seconds for the blue exposure, about twice what would have been needed without the filter. After twelve minutes no trace of image was produced through the green filter, which had to be diluted to a pale green: a twelve-minute exposure then produced a serviceable negative. Eight minutes was enough to record an image through the red filter, although since the process was sensitive only to blue light, nothing at all should have been recorded. In 1961, R.M.Evans of the Kodak Research Laboratory showed that the red liquid transmitted ultraviolet radiation, and by an extraordinary coincidence many natural red dye-stuffs reflect ultraviolet. Thus the red separation was made on the basis of non-visible radiation rather than red, but the net result was correct and the projected images did give an identifiable reproduction of the original. Sutton's photographs enabled Maxwell to establish the validity of his theory and to provide the basis upon which all subsequent methods of colour photography have been founded.JW / BC -
14 Steinheil, Carl August von
[br]b. 1801 Roppoltsweiler, Alsaced. 1870 Munich, Germany[br]German physicist, founder of electromagnetic telegraphy in Austria, and photographic innovator and lens designer.[br]Steinheil studied under Gauss at Göttingen and Bessel at Königsberg before jointing his parents at Munich. There he concentrated on optics before being appointed Professor of Physics and Mathematics at the University of Munich in 1832. Immediately after the announcement of the first practicable photographic processes in 1839, he began experiments on photography in association with another professor at the University, Franz von Kobell. Steinheil is reputed to have made the first daguerreotypes in Germany; he certainly constructed several cameras of original design and suggested minor improvements to the daguerreotype process. In 1849 he was employed by the Austrian Government as Head of the Department of Telegraphy in the Ministry of Commerce. Electromagnetic telegraphy was an area in which Steinheil had worked for several years previously, and he was now appointed to supervise the installation of a working telegraphic system for the Austrian monarchy. He is considered to be the founder of electromagnetic telegraphy in Austria and went on to perform a similar role in Switzerland.Steinheil's son, Hugo Adolph, was educated in Munich and Augsburg but moved to Austria to be with his parents in 1850. Adolph completed his studies in Vienna and was appointed to the Telegraph Department, headed by his father, in 1851. Adolph returned to Munich in 1852, however, to concentrate on the study of optics. In 1855 the father and son established the optical workshop which was later to become the distinguished lens-manufacturing company C.A. Steinheil Söhne. At first the business confined itself almost entirely to astronomical optics, but in 1865 the two men took out a joint patent for a wide-angle photographic lens claimed to be free of distortion. The lens, called the "periscopic", was not in fact free from flare and not achromatic, although it enjoyed some reputation at the time. Much more important was the achromatic development of this lens that was introduced in 1866 and called the "Aplanet"; almost simultaneously a similar lens, the "Rapid Rentilinear", was introduced by Dallmeyer in England, and for many years lenses of this type were fitted as the standard objective on most photographic cameras. During 1866 the elder Steinheil relinquished his interest in lens manufacturing, and control of the business passed to Adolph, with administrative and financial affairs being looked after by another son, Edward. After Carl Steinheil's death Adolph continued to design and market a series of high-quality photographic lenses until his own death.[br]Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York (a general account of the Steinheils's work).Most accounts of photographic lens history will give details of the Steinheils's more important work. See, for example, Chapman Jones, 1904, Science and Practice of Photography, 4th edn, London: and Rudolf Kingslake, 1989, A History of the Photographic Lens, Boston.JWBiographical history of technology > Steinheil, Carl August von
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15 Petzval, Josef Max
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1807 Spisska-Beila, Hungaryd. 17 September 1891 Vienna, Austria[br]Hungarian mathematician and photographic-lens designer, inventor of the first "rapid" portrait lens.[br]Although born in Hungary, Petzval was the son of German schoolteacher. He studied engineering at the University of Budapest and after graduation was appointed to the staff as a lecturer. In 1835 he became the University's Professor of Higher Mathematics. Within a year he was offered a similar position at the more prestigious University of Vienna, a chair he was to occupy until 1884.The earliest photographic cameras were fitted with lenses originally designed for other optical instruments. All were characterized by small apertures, and the long exposures required by the early process were in part due to the "slow" lenses. As early as 1839, Petzval began calculations with the idea of producing a fast achromatic objective for photographic work. For technical advice he turned to the Viennese optician Peter Voigtländer, who went on to make the first Petzval portrait lens in 1840. It had a short focal length but an extremely large aperture for the day, enabling exposure times to be reduced to at least one tenth of that required with other contemporary lenses. The Petzval portrait lens was to become the basic design for years to come and was probably the single most important development in making portrait photography possible; by capturing public imagination, portrait photography was to drive photographic innovation during the early years.Petzval later fell out with Voigtländer and severed his connection with the company in 1845. When Petzval was encouraged to design a landscape lens in the 1850s, the work was entrusted to another Viennese optician, Dietzler. Using some early calculations by Petzval, Voigtländer was able to produce a similar lens, which he marketed in competition, and an acrimonious dispute ensued. Petzval, embittered by the quarrel and depressed by a burglary which destroyed years of records of his optical work, abandoned optics completely in 1862 and devoted himself to acoustics. He retired from his professorship on his seventieth birthday, respected by his colleagues but unloved, and lived the life of a recluse until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the Hungarian Academy of Science 1873.Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York (provides details of Petzval's life and work; Eder claims he was introduced to Petzval by mutual friends and succeeded in obtaining personal data).Rudolf Kingslake, 1989, A History of the Photographic Lens, Boston (brief biographical details).L.W.Sipley, 1965, Photography's Great Inventors, Philadelphia (brief biographical details).JW -
16 single
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17 camera
2) киносъёмочный аппарат, киноаппарат, кинокамера6) архит. сводчатое покрытие•to thread camera — заряжать киносъёмочный аппарат- 6×6 cm camera -
accelerated motion-picture camera
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aerial camera
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aerophotographic camera
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all-sky camera
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amateur camera
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animation camera
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astrographic camera
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astronomical camera
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auto camera
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autofocusing camera
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autoprocess camera
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background camera
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ball camera
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ballistic camera
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battery-powered camera
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bellows-type camera
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bellows camera
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bipack camera
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blimped camera
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borehole camera
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box-type camera
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box camera
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broadcast camera
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caption camera
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cartographic camera
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cartoon camera
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cartridge loading camera
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cartridge camera
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cassette camera
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CCD camera
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cine camera
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cinefluorographic camera
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cinematographic X-ray recording camera
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cineradiology camera
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closed-circuit TV camera
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close-up camera
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cloud camera
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collapsible camera
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color camera
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color television camera
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color-slide camera
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combination single film camera
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compact-size camera
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composite electronic and film camera
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continuous-motion camera
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copying camera
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copy camera
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darkroom camera
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data-recording camera
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Debye-Scherrer camera
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deep-water camera
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discontinuously writing camera
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documentary camera
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double-eight camera
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double-extension camera
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double-frame camera
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drum camera
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dual-gage camera
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easily handled camera
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EFP camera
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electric eye camera
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electric-driven camera
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electric camera
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electronic camera
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electron camera
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electronic news gathering camera
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endoscopic camera
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ENG camera
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environmentally protected camera
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fast pulldown camera
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field camera
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film camera
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film developing camera
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film recording camera
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fixed camera
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fixed-focus camera
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fixed-pin registration camera
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flash camera
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flow camera
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folding camera
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foreground camera
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framing camera
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full-frame format camera
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gallery camera
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graphic arts camera
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graphics camera
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grid camera
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ground glass focusing camera
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ground glass camera
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Guinier camera
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gyroscope camera
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half-format camera
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hand camera
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hand-held camera
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HDTV camera
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high-frequency camera
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high-resolution camera
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high-speed camera
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hologram camera
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horizontal camera
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image compensation camera
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image-converter camera
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image-dissection camera
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industrial-type camera
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industrial camera
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industrial-type television camera
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industrial television camera
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infrared camera
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instant camera
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instant-load camera
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instrumentation camera
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interchangeable camera
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intermittent camera
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Kerr cell camera
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kinescope recording camera
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kinescope camera
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large-format camera
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laser camera
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Laue camera
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left-eye camera
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lenticular screen camera
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live camera
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log camera
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low-speed recording camera
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low-speed camera
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magnetic video camera
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manual camera
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mapping camera
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mask camera
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measuring camera
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medium format camera
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microfiche camera
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microfilm camera
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miniature camera
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monoblock camera
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monochrome camera
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motion-picture camera
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motor-driven camera
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movie camera
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moving-image camera
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narrow-gage camera
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newsreel camera
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news camera
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one-piece camera
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one-tube camera
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optical compensation camera
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outside broadcast camera
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overhead camera
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paging camera
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panoramic camera
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photo-finish camera
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photogrammetric camera
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photographic camera
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photomechanical camera
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photomicrographic camera
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photoreproduction camera
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photostat camera
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phototheodolite camera
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pickup camera
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picosecond framing camera
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picture-taking camera
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picture camera
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pilot camera
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pinhole camera
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plain camera
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planetary camera
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plate camera
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platemaker camera
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plotting camera
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pocket camera
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portable camera
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precision camera
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press camera
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process camera
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professional camera
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programmed camera
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projecting camera
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rangefinder camera
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recording camera
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reduction camera
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reflex camera
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reporter camera
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reproduction camera
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right-eye camera
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robot camera
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rotary camera
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Sauter camera
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scanning camera
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scientific camera
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seismic camera
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self-contained camera
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self-developing camera
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self-threading camera
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semiautomatic camera
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shoulder-operated camera
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shoulder camera
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silent camera
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single-film camera
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single-frame camera
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single-lens reflex camera
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slate camera
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slave camera
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slow-motion camera
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sound motion-picture camera
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sound-film camera
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sound-on-film camera
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spectrographic camera
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stand camera
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step-and-repeat camera
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stop-motion camera
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streak camera
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studio camera
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subminiature camera
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taking camera
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technical camera
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telecine camera
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television camera
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time-lapse motion camera
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time-lapse camera
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topographical camera
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traveling matte camera
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trick camera
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twin-lens camera
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two-piece camera
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vertical process camera
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video camera
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video still camera
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view camera
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viewfinder camera
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Weissenberg camera
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wide-angle camera
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X-ray diffraction camera
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X-ray camera -
18 camera
1. фотографический аппарат, фотоаппарат2. репродукционный фотоаппарат, фоторепродукционная камераdarkroom camera — фотоаппарат, устанавливаемый в тёмной комнате
lowbed camera — горизонтальный репродукционный фотоаппарат со штативом, установленным на полу
microfilm camera — микрофильмирующий аппарат, аппарат для изготовления микрофильмов
photostat camera — фотостат, автоматический фотокопировальный аппарат
Polaroid Land camera — фотоаппарат типа «Поляроид»
Polaroid MP-4 multipurpose Land camera — универсальный фотоаппарат для одноступенчатого диффузионного фотопроцесса «Поляроид» МП-4
3. фотоаппарат для съёмки на рулонную фотоплёнку4. аппарат для микрофильмирования на рулонную фотоплёнку -
19 negative
1 adjELEC, MATH negativo2 nCINEMAT, MATH, PHOTO, PHYS, PRINT negativo m -
20 Lumière, Auguste
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 19 October 1862 Besançon, Franced. 10 April 1954 Lyon, France[br]French scientist and inventor.[br]Auguste and his brother Louis Lumière (b. 5 October 1864 Besançon, France; d. 6 June 1948 Bandol, France) developed the photographic plate-making business founded by their father, Charles Antoine Lumière, at Lyons, extending production to roll-film manufacture in 1887. In the summer of 1894 their father brought to the factory a piece of Edison kinetoscope film, and said that they should produce films for the French owners of the new moving-picture machine. To do this, of course, a camera was needed; Louis was chiefly responsible for the design, which used an intermittent claw for driving the film, inspired by a sewing-machine mechanism. The machine was patented on 13 February 1895, and it was shown on 22 March 1895 at the Société d'Encouragement pour l'In-dustrie Nationale in Paris, with a projected film showing workers leaving the Lyons factory. Further demonstrations followed at the Sorbonne, and in Lyons during the Congrès des Sociétés de Photographie in June 1895. The Lumières filmed the delegates returning from an excursion, and showed the film to the Congrès the next day. To bring the Cinématographe, as it was called, to the public, the basement of the Grand Café in the Boulevard des Capuchines in Paris was rented, and on Saturday 28 December 1895 the first regular presentations of projected pictures to a paying public took place. The half-hour shows were an immediate success, and in a few months Lumière Cinématographes were seen throughout the world.The other principal area of achievement by the Lumière brothers was colour photography. They took up Lippman's method of interference colour photography, developing special grainless emulsions, and early in 1893 demonstrated their results by lighting them with an arc lamp and projecting them on to a screen. In 1895 they patented a method of subtractive colour photography involving printing the colour separations on bichromated gelatine glue sheets, which were then dyed and assembled in register, on paper for prints or bound between glass for transparencies. Their most successful colour process was based upon the colour-mosaic principle. In 1904 they described a process in which microscopic grains of potato starch, dyed red, green and blue, were scattered on a freshly varnished glass plate. When dried the mosaic was coated with varnish and then with a panchromatic emulsion. The plate was exposed with the mosaic towards the lens, and after reversal processing a colour transparency was produced. The process was launched commercially in 1907 under the name Autochrome; it was the first fully practical single-plate colour process to reach the public, remaining on the market until the 1930s, when it was followed by a film version using the same principle.Auguste and Louis received the Progress Medal of the Royal Photographic Society in 1909 for their work in colour photography. Auguste was also much involved in biological science and, having founded the Clinique Auguste Lumière, spent many of his later years working in the physiological laboratory.[br]Further ReadingGuy Borgé, 1980, Prestige de la photographie, Nos. 8, 9 and 10, Paris. Brian Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London ——1981, The History of Movie Photography, London.Jacques Deslandes, 1966, Histoire comparée du cinéma, Vol. I, Paris. Gert Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.BC
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Progressive lens — View through a progressive lens at some distance. In normal use, a much smaller section of the glass is used, so that the distortion is much smaller. Progressive spectacle lenses, also called progressive addition lenses (PAL), progressive power … Wikipedia
Lenticular lens — A series of cylindrical lenses molded in a plastic substrate A lenticular lens is an array of magnifying lenses, designed so that when viewed from slightly different angles, different images are magnified.[1] The most common example is the lenses … Wikipedia
Comparison of digital single-lens reflex cameras — This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. Following list compares main features of digital single lens reflex cameras (DSLRs). Order of this list should be firstly by manufacturer alphabetically, secondly from high end to low end… … Wikipedia
